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  • We won’t police content – POLITICO - planetcirculate

    We won’t police content – POLITICO


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    Voiced by artificial intelligence.

    LONDON — For someone in charge of policing the United Kingdom’s new online content rules, Melanie Dawes wants to make something very clear: it’s not about policing content.

    Sitting in a glass-fronted conference room on the bank of the Thames, the chief executive of the Office of Communications — more commonly known just as Ofcom — rattles off what the country’s Online Safety Bill is expected to achieve. It will hold the likes of Facebook and YouTube to account. It will stop kids seeing graphic or harmful material in their social media feeds. It will give British regulators the power to force Big Tech to tweak their complex algorithms in the name of online safety.

    But what the upcoming rules won’t do, according to Dawes, is make decisions about what people can post online.

    “It’s not really a regime about content,” the long-serving British official told POLITICO. “It’s about systems and processes. It’s about the design of the (social media) service that does include things like the recommender algorithms and how they work.”

    That approach — more regulatory wonkery than dawn raids at tech companies’ offices — may come as a surprise to many in Westminster that view the U.K.’s online content rules, which will likely become law by September, as London’s best effort to hobble Big Tech while keeping people safe online.

    A series of high-profile cases, including the suicide of 14-year-old Molly Russell in 2017 after she was bombarded with self-harm posts on Instagram, have spurred the British government to claim the Online Safety Bill will make the country the safest place worldwide to go online.

    Yet Dawes was quick to play down the binary choice between protecting people from the ills of the internet and clamping down on free speech.

    It’s a debate that has seen consecutive Conservative Party governments ping-pong between more onerous restrictions on what can be posted on social media and giving people the right right to say whatever they want, as long as it doesn’t veer into hate speech. When the rules come into force, Ofcom will have the power to fine companies up to 10 percent of their yearly global revenue and, potentially, allow them to jail tech executives for wrongdoing.

    “I don’t think freedom of expression is as central a concern in implementing the Online Safety Bill as some worry about,” said Dawes when asked about how her agency would balance those often conflicting principles. The legislation “leaves a huge amount of freedom of speech over any period, elections or otherwise, but also with the capacity to drive greater accountability.”

    For Ofcom’s boss, the new rules are more about forcing social media and search giants to assess where potential issues may arise, including how companies’ algorithms are geared toward spreading viral content that can often be harmful or illegal. That will involve mundane risk assessments, outside audits on company behavior and lengthy research to understand how tech giants are upholding their own terms of service.

    It is not, Dawes added, about determining if individual posts had broken the new U.K. rules or if a specific social media user’s account had been served up with too much harmful material.

    “It won’t be the job of the regulator to say what policy they should have on disinformation or other content which might be harmful but is also ultimately legal,” said the British official, who has spent more than 30 years in the country’s civil service — first at the U.K.’s Department for Transport, then Treasury, the tax service, Cabinet Office and, ultimately, as the top civil servant in the Department for Communities and Local Government before taking over at Ofcom in 2020.

    Melanie Dawes is in charge of the United Kingdom’s new online content rules, and she doesn’t want them to regulate what people can post | Eóin Noonan/Web Summit via Sportsfile/Creative Commons

    Let’s get ready to regulate

    More political battles lie ahead when the Online Safety Bill heads to the House of Lords next month. Lawmakers are likely to add further protections, mostly around keeping kids safe online and greater restrictions targeted at porn sites.

    Yet Ofcom has already hired scores of new employees — some from Big Tech, others from child protection groups like the NSPCC — and now has roughly 300 people dedicated to online safety. That includes Gill Whitehead, a former Google executive, who will take over the agency’s newly-created Online Safety Group as of April 1. Her role will include direct supervisory powers over the biggest social media and search companies active within the country.

    “Once the bill gets royal assent, and once Ofcom’s powers commence, we will go straight out with a really important batch of consultations on the illegal harms. That’s the first step set,” she said, adding that child protection — including platforms that handle child sexual abuse material, or CSAM — will be central to that initial push. “We will be ready to go immediately.”

    Ofcom will also be empowered to ask encrypted services like WhatsApp or Signal to check that their users aren’t sharing harmful content like CSAM images or terrorist propaganda. Yet companies have warned the approach could weaken people’s ability to share encrypted messages with each other, endangering privacy and creating security flaws that malign actors could exploit.

    Dawes tiptoed between that debate by claiming her agency would only use those powers if there was an urgent need — and the technology used to access those encrypted messages didn’t imperil people’s privacy.

    “Ofcom would need a high bar of evidence in order to be able to require that a technology that went into an encrypted environment and scanned for particular types of content was required,” she said. “Those powers, in the bill, are not ones that the regulator is able to use without a very clear base of evidence that is necessary and proportionate.”





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